Offences Related to Assured Tenancies HA 1988 s. 16J
HA 1988 s. 16J creates offences for unlawful possession reliance within four months, continuing conduct after 28 days, and repeat breaches within five years.
A relevant person is guilty of an offence if, in relation to an assured tenancy— the person relies on a ground in Schedule 2, knowing that the landlord would not be able to obtain an order for possession on that ground, or being reckless as to whether the landlord would be able to do so, and the tenant surrenders the tenancy within the period of four months beginning with the date the ground was relied on, without an order for possession of the dwelling-house being made. A person is guilty of an offence if the person contravenes section 16E(2) or (3) but it is a defence for a person who contravenes section 16E(3) otherwise than as a landlord to show that they took all reasonable steps to avoid contravening it. A person is guilty of an offence if— a relevant penalty has been imposed on the person and the final notice imposing the penalty has not been withdrawn, and the conduct in respect of which the penalty was imposed continues after the end of the period of 28 days beginning with— the day after that on which the penalty was imposed on the person, or if the person appeals against the final notice in respect of the penalty within that period, the day after that on which the appeal is finally determined, withdrawn or abandoned. A person is guilty of an offence if— the person conducts themselves in a manner giving rise to liability to a financial penalty under section 16I, and within the period of five years ending with the day on which the conduct occurs— a relevant penalty has been imposed on the person for different conduct and the final notice imposing the penalty has not been withdrawn, or the person has been convicted of an offence under this section for different conduct. In subsections (3) and (4) “ relevant penalty ” means a financial penalty which is imposed under section 16I or 16K where— the period for bringing an appeal against the penalty under paragraph 10(2) of Schedule 2ZA has expired without an appeal being brought, an appeal against the financial penalty under that paragraph has been withdrawn or abandoned, or the final notice imposing the penalty has been confirmed or varied on appeal. A person may not be convicted of an offence under subsection (1), (2) or (4) in respect of any conduct if a financial penalty has been imposed under section 16I or 16K in respect of that conduct. Where an offence under this section committed by a body corporate is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of an officer of a body corporate, the officer as well as the body corporate commits the offence and is liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Where an offence under subsection (2) committed by a body corporate is proved to be attributable to any neglect on the part of an officer of a body corporate, the officer as well as the body corporate commits the offence and is liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members, subsections (7) and (8) apply in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with the member’s functions of management as if the member were an officer of the body corporate. A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to a fine.
Text in force at .
Source: legislation.gov.uk — The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk), reproduced under licence Open Government Licence v3.0.
What it actually says
Section 16J creates criminal offences relating to assured tenancies. A relevant person commits an offence if they rely on a Schedule 2 possession ground knowing or being reckless as to whether the landlord could obtain an order for possession, and the tenant surrenders the tenancy within four months from that date without a court order being made. It is also an offence to contravene section 16E(2) or (3), though non-landlords contravening section 16E(3) have a defence if they took all reasonable steps to avoid doing so.
An offence is committed if a person continues conduct after 28 days following the day after a final notice imposing a relevant penalty is imposed (or 28 days after an appeal is finally determined, withdrawn, or abandoned). Additionally, an offence occurs if a person engages in conduct giving rise to liability for a financial penalty under section 16I when, within five years ending on that day, a relevant penalty was imposed for different conduct or they were convicted of an offence under this section for different conduct.
A person cannot be convicted under subsection (1), (2), or (4) if a financial penalty under section 16I or 16K has already been imposed for that conduct. Where a body corporate commits an offence with the consent or connivance of an officer, that officer also commits the offence; for offences under subsection (2), liability also extends to officer neglect. Conviction on summary trial carries a fine.
When it applies
- A relevant person falsely or recklessly relies on a Schedule 2 ground to prompt a tenant to surrender an assured tenancy within four months without a court order.
- A person continues conduct prohibited by section 16E after 28 days have passed since a final penalty notice became final.
- A person commits conduct attracting a financial penalty under section 16I within five years of receiving an unwithdrawn financial penalty for separate conduct.
- A corporate officer consents to or connives in the commission of an offence under section 16J by their company.
What this section does not say
- Civil proceedings for damages brought directly by a tenant, which are handled under general civil housing legislation.
- Direct imposition of financial penalties as a civil administrative remedy, which is regulated under section 16I and section 16K.
- Rules regarding succession to an assured tenancy upon a tenant's death, which are governed by section 17.
That's the law. Now let's settle your problem.
Say what is happening. A neutral mediator hears your side and the other party's, and walks you both to a written agreement. In the advanced settings you can ask for the decision to be reasoned on the Acts of Parliament that apply in England and Wales.
Or open a session directly and invite the other party.
We copy this text from the official publisher and re-check it against that source on every page load, but we cannot guarantee it is complete, current or free of error, and we accept no liability for any reliance on it. An amendment can take effect before a consolidation catches up. The publisher's own copy is linked below; where the two differ, it is the official one that counts.
This page reproduces the text of HA 1988 s. 16J in force at the date shown and explains it in general terms. It is not legal advice and takes no account of the circumstances of your case, which can change the answer completely. For a live dispute, for limitation periods, and before taking any step in court, consult a qualified lawyer in England and Wales.