CIV § 1714

Everyone responsible for negligence: CIV § 1714

California's general negligence rule: everyone is responsible for injury caused by want of ordinary care, reduced by the injured party's own fault.

Official text CIV § 1714 — California
  • (a) Everyone is responsible, not only for the result of his or her willful acts, but also for an injury occasioned to another by his or her want of ordinary care or skill in the management of his or her property or person, except so far as the latter has, willfully or by want of ordinary care, brought the injury upon himself or herself. The design, distribution, or marketing of firearms and ammunition is not exempt from the duty to use ordinary care and skill that is required by this section. The extent of liability in these cases is defined by the Title on Compensatory Relief.
  • (b) It is the intent of the Legislature to abrogate the holdings in cases such as Vesely v. Sager (1971) 5 Cal.3d 153, Bernhard v. Harrah’s Club (1976) 16 Cal.3d 313, and Coulter v. Superior Court (1978) 21 Cal.3d 144 and to reinstate the prior judicial interpretation of this section as it relates to proximate cause for injuries incurred as a result of furnishing alcoholic beverages to an intoxicated person, namely that the furnishing of alcoholic beverages is not the proximate cause of injuries resulting from intoxication, but rather the consumption of alcoholic beverages is the proximate cause of injuries inflicted upon another by an intoxicated person.
  • (c) Except as provided in subdivision (d), no social host who furnishes alcoholic beverages to any person may be held legally accountable for damages suffered by that person, or for injury to the person or property of, or death of, any third person, resulting from the consumption of those beverages.
  • (d) (1) Nothing in subdivision (c) shall preclude a claim against a parent, guardian, or another adult who knowingly furnishes alcoholic beverages at his or her residence to a person whom he or she knows, or should have known, to be under 21 years of age, in which case, notwithstanding subdivision (b), the furnishing of the alcoholic beverage may be found to be the proximate cause of resulting injuries or death.
  • (2) A claim under this subdivision may be brought by, or on behalf of, the person under 21 years of age or by a person who was harmed by the person under 21 years of age.

Text as published in the 2026 snapshot of the code.

Source: Vaquill Open US Law, compiled from official state publishers (huggingface.co), reproduced under license CC BY 4.0.

Read this provision at the official source →

What it actually says

Section 1714(a) is the sentence the whole of California negligence law is built on. Everyone is responsible not only for the result of their willful acts, but also for an injury occasioned to another by their want of ordinary care or skill in the management of their property or person, except so far as the injured person has, willfully or by want of ordinary care, brought the injury upon themselves. Two rules are packed into it: a general duty to take ordinary care, owed to everyone rather than only to people you have a relationship with, and the reduction of recovery for the injured person's own fault.

The words "in the management of his or her property or person" are why this section reaches so widely. It covers how you drive, how you keep your shop floor, how you maintain a stairway, what you leave on a pavement, how you supervise work on your land. The measure is ordinary care in the circumstances, not perfection and not a guarantee of safety; the section says nothing about the standard beyond "ordinary", which is what leaves the argument to be had on the facts. The final clause of subdivision (a) points onward: "The extent of liability in these cases is defined by the Title on Compensatory Relief", which is where § 3333 sets the measure of damages.

The rest of the section is a self-contained exception about alcohol. Subdivision (b) declares the Legislature's intent to abrogate a line of decisions and to restore the rule that furnishing alcoholic beverages is not the proximate cause of injuries resulting from intoxication — the consumption is. Subdivision (c) protects a social host who furnishes alcohol from liability for what follows. Subdivision (d) restores a claim against a parent, guardian or other adult who knowingly furnishes alcohol at their residence to someone they know or should know is under 21, in which case the furnishing may be found to be the proximate cause. Whether ordinary care was exercised in any particular case is a question for evidence and a matter to take to a lawyer.

When it applies

  • A collision caused by another driver's inattention
  • A fall on a wet shop floor with no warning sign
  • A contractor whose work floods the flat below
  • An injury on a staircase or a walkway that was left in poor repair
  • A tree, a gate or a load that fell because it was badly maintained
  • A party at a private house where alcohol was served to someone under 21

What this section does not say

  • It is not strict liability. The section requires want of ordinary care or skill; an accident that ordinary care would not have prevented is not within it.
  • It does not bar a claim because the injured person was partly at fault. Subdivision (a) reduces responsibility "so far as" the injured person brought the injury on themselves, which is an apportionment, not an all-or-nothing defence.
  • It does not make a bar or a host liable for a drunk guest. Subdivisions (b) and (c) do the opposite; the narrow exception in subdivision (d) is about furnishing alcohol at a residence to a person under 21.
  • It does not say what the injury is worth. The measure of damages for a non-contractual wrong is § 3333, and the section expressly points there.
  • It does not set a time limit. The period for bringing a claim comes from the Code of Civil Procedure, not from this section.

Worked examples

Invented situations, written to show how the wording bites. They are not real cases, not judgments and not precedent, and nothing here predicts what would happen in yours.

Illustrative example

A customer slips on a patch of water in a shop aisle and breaks a wrist. Staff had mopped a spill twenty minutes earlier and put out no sign, and the customer was looking at the shelves rather than the floor.

How the wording applies

The section asks whether the shop exercised ordinary care in the management of its property, and reduces responsibility so far as the customer brought the injury on themselves. The fact this hinges on is the twenty minutes: the shop knew about the water, which is a very different case from a spill left by another customer moments before anyone could have found it. The customer's own inattention apportions the loss rather than defeating the claim.

How the parties settled it

The shop's insurer meets the medical costs and an agreed sum for time off work, reduced by a share reflecting the customer's own care, and the shop adopts a written spill procedure.

Illustrative example

A contractor replacing a bathroom leaves a supply pipe unsecured over a weekend and the flat below is flooded. The owner below has no contract with anyone involved.

How the wording applies

The duty is owed to everyone affected by the management of the property, not only to whoever hired the contractor. What decides it is whether leaving the pipe as it was over a weekend was a want of ordinary care: a fitting that failed despite being properly made off is a different case from one left hand-tight.

How the parties settled it

The contractor's insurer pays for drying and redecoration below and for alternative accommodation during the drying period, with the schedule of works agreed by both owners before it starts.

Illustrative example

Parents host a party at home for their teenager and put out drinks that guests, some of them under 21, help themselves to. One guest is hurt later that night.

How the wording applies

Subdivisions (b) and (c) say the furnishing of alcohol is not the proximate cause of injuries resulting from intoxication and protect a social host, but subdivision (d) restores a claim against an adult who knowingly furnishes alcohol at their residence to a person they know or should know is under 21. The fact it turns on is knowledge, meaning whether the hosts knew, or should have known, the ages of the guests helping themselves.

How the parties settled it

The hosts meet the injured guest's uninsured medical costs, and both families agree that gatherings at the house will be alcohol-free while any guest is under 21.

How courts have read it

Decisions construing this provision. The question and the summary are ours; the quoted sentence is the court's own words, taken from the published opinion. These are the decisions in our corpus, not every decision there is, and nothing here predicts any other case. Reported 1991 to 2017.

Kesner v. Superior Court of Alameda County, 1 Cal. 5th 1132 (2016)

Supreme Court of California

What the court had to decide

Whether Civil Code section 1714 imposes a duty on employers and premises owners to prevent take-home asbestos exposure to household members.

What it held

The court held that the duty of employers and premises owners to exercise ordinary care in their use of asbestos includes preventing exposure to asbestos carried by the bodies and clothing of on-site workers, and that this duty extends only to members of a worker's household.

In the court's words
We hold that the duty of employers and premises owners to exercise ordinary care in their use of asbestos includes preventing exposure to asbestos carried by the bodies and clothing of on-site workers.

Jing Huang v. Bicycle Casino, Inc., 4 Cal. App. 5th 329 (2016)

Court of Appeal

What the court had to decide

Whether the duty of ordinary care under Civil Code section 1714(a) extends to a shuttle operator's boarding procedures.

What it held

The court declined to find an exemption from the duty of ordinary care as a matter of law, holding that the shuttle operator owes a duty of ordinary care to passengers in the boarding process.

In the court's words
we would decline to find an exemption from the duty of ordinary care as a matter of law.

Fiorini v. City Brewing Co., 231 Cal. App. 4th 306 (2014)

Court of Appeal

What the court had to decide

Does the civil immunity provided by California's dram shop statutes, including Civil Code section 1714, subdivision (b), protect the manufacturer of an alcoholic beverage from liability for injuries to a consumer when the manufacturer did not 'furnish' the beverage to the consumer?

What it held

The civil immunity in California's dram shop statutes, including Civil Code section 1714, subdivision (b), does not extend to a manufacturer that did not furnish the alcoholic beverage to the consumer, because the complaint did not allege the manufacturer exercised control over the product after delivery to a distributor or took an affirmative step to supply it to the consumer.

In the court's words
Therefore, we conclude City Brewing did not “furnish” the beverage to Fiorini and, therefore, the civil immunity in California’s dram shop statutes do not extend to City Brewing.

Campbell v. Ford Motor Co., 206 Cal. App. 4th 15 (2012)

Court of Appeal

What the court had to decide

Did Ford Motor Company owe a duty of care to a plaintiff who was exposed to asbestos from laundering her father's and brother's work clothes, where the asbestos came from Ford's premises?

What it held

The court held that Ford owed no duty of care to the plaintiff as a matter of law, reversing the trial court's judgment.

In the court's words
We Conclude Ford Owed Honer No Duty as a Matter of Law.

Garcia v. Becker Bros. Steel Co., 194 Cal. App. 4th 474 (2011)

Court of Appeal

What the court had to decide

Whether the general duty of ordinary care under Civil Code section 1714(a) requires the occasional seller of used machinery to owe a duty of care to subsequent users beyond its immediate purchaser to warn of defects or modify the equipment.

What it held

The occasional seller of used machinery owes no duty of care to a remote subsequent user—such as an employee of a purchaser who bought the machine from a bank that repossessed it from the immediate buyer—to pass along manufacturers' correspondence or modify the equipment; the trial court's summary judgment for the defendant was affirmed.

In the court's words
Here, however, whatever duty an occasional seller may owe its immediate purchaser, we agree with the trial court that Becker Bros, owed no duty to Garcia—an employee of the purchaser who bought the machinery from the bank which repossessed it from the buyer who bought the slitter line from Becker Bros.—to pass along correspondence received from the manufacturer or to modify the slitter line, particularly in light of the California Code of Regulations provisions mandating that his employer safeguard the workplace as necessary.

Cabral v. Ralphs Grocery Co., 51 Cal. 4th 764 (2011)

Supreme Court of California

What the court had to decide

whether a freeway driver owes other drivers a duty of ordinary care in choosing whether, where and how to stop on the side of the road

What it held

The court held that the general duty of ordinary care under Civil Code section 1714 applies to drivers stopping alongside freeways, and declined to create a categorical exception exempting such parking from that duty.

In the court's words
We therefore decline to create a categorical rule exempting those parking alongside freeways from the duty of drivers to exercise ordinary care for others in their use of streets and highways.

Source: Caselaw Access Project, CC0 1.0 Universal (public domain dedication).

That's the law. Now let's settle your problem.

Say what is happening. A neutral mediator hears your side and the other party's, and walks you both to a written agreement. In the advanced settings you can ask for the decision to be reasoned on the California Codes.

This is with

Or open a session directly and invite the other party.

We copy this text from the official publisher and re-check it against that source on every page load, but we cannot guarantee it is complete, current or free of error, and we accept no liability for any reliance on it. An amendment can take effect before a consolidation catches up. The publisher's own copy is linked below; where the two differ, it is the official one that counts.

This page reproduces the text of CIV § 1714 in force at the date shown and explains it in general terms. It is not legal advice and takes no account of the circumstances of your case, which can change the answer completely. For a live dispute, for limitation periods, and before taking any step in court, consult a qualified lawyer in California.

← All California law pages